Bleeding Gums During Pregnancy: What Every Expectant Parent Should Know
Pregnancy gingivitis and bleeding gums during pregnancy are very common. Approximately 60% to 75% of pregnant women have gingivitis, which is an early stage of periodontal disease.[1] Increased hormones mean increased sensitivity, inflammation, and infection risk, among other effects. Good oral care and early periodontal intervention are critical during pregnancy.
“Hormonal changes can increase inflammation, bleeding, sensitivity, and plaque buildup.”
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What Is Pregnancy Gingivitis?
Pregnancy gingivitis and swollen gums during pregnancy are common occurrences due to increased levels of hormones in the body. During this time, your gums are more sensitive and vulnerable to infection or plaque buildup.
There may be blood from gums during pregnancy, inflammation, or other, more reactive symptoms that are uncomfortable. What is typically considered a “normal” amount of plaque can trigger more serious gum responses when pregnant.
It’s possible for gums to feel sore without appearing swollen. This is due to increased blood flow to the oral tissues, which intensifies nerve sensitivity.
Common Symptoms of Pregnancy Gingivitis
Each patient is different, but common symptoms of pregnancy gingivitis include:
Bleeding gums during pregnancy (especially with brushing or flossing)
Gum inflammation during pregnancy
Swollen or puffy gums during pregnancy
Sensitive teeth during pregnancy
Red gums and pregnancy gum issues
Increased sensitivity
Pregnancy gingiva tumors (small growths on the gums)
Is There Usually Increased Tooth Pain During Pregnancy?
There can be. If good oral care is neglected or pregnancy gingivitis isn’t treated, increased tooth pain and even the loss of teeth during pregnancy are both possible. This is largely due to swelling and inflammation related to hormone increase.
The Role of Hormonal Changes In Oral Health
Hormonal changes can increase oral health problems during pregnancy. Sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone are elevated during pregnancy (and other times of physical change)[2]. These spikes are directly linked to gingivitis, inflammation, and overall gum health.
This often leads to pregnancy gingivitis, which is characterized by swelling, bleeding, and tender or red gums. Some patients may also experience a localized overgrowth or “pregnancy tumor" on the gums. These are benign growths due to both plaque build-up and general hormonal sensitivity.
Additionally, pregnancy cravings are strong and often for sugary or acidic foods. This can increase the risk of plaque buildup or negatively impact gum sensitivity, feeding the inflammation.
Morning sickness and vomiting in early pregnancy create a more acidic oral environment, which can negatively affect the gums. Pregnant women are also often unwell during this time and more likely to neglect good oral hygiene.
Potential Risks of Untreated Gum Disease During Pregnancy
If pregnancy gingivitis is untreated, common puffy or bleeding gums during pregnancy could turn into more serious problems. This includes:
Forming periodontal pockets
Increased tooth pain during pregnancy
Discomfort eating
Losing teeth during pregnancy
Chronic bad breath
Increased risk of infection
Does Pregnancy Gingivitis Impact The Baby’s Health?
The most severe form of gingivitis, periodontitis, has been linked to poor pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight. [3] However, the direct link to more adverse outcomes remains poorly understood.
Pregnancy cravings can lead to poor nutrition and more sugary or acidic foods. Poor oral care can lead to cavities. Cavities cause bacteria during and after pregnancy, which could be transmitted (mouth-to-mouth) to the baby after its birth.
The Safety and Importance of Periodontal Care During Pregnancy
Proper oral and periodontal care during pregnancy is critical. The hormonal changes increase inflammation, bleeding, sensitivity, and the risk of plaque buildup.
Patients with pregnancy gingivitis should seek professional periodontal treatment, including:
Regular cleanings
Scaling
Root planing
These periodontal services will help reduce the risk of escalation, tooth loss, and discomfort. Escalation or signs it’s time for immediate intervention, include:
Persistent bleeding gums during pregnancy
Severe swelling and discoloration
Chronic or increased tooth pain during pregnancy
Pregnancy tumors
Pus or oozing gums
Loosing teeth during pregnancy
Preventative Oral Care During Pregnancy
Some myths exist about the risk of oral care during pregnancy; these are patently false. Dental and periodontal care is not only safe and recommended during pregnancy, but it’s also critical.
Increased blood flow, decreased saliva, and increased inflammation can create a potentially harmful oral environment that must be managed to prevent gingivitis from developing or progressing to periodontitis.
Best practices for preventative oral care during pregnancy include:
Attending regular cleaning and check-up appointments
Routine brushing and flossing (at least twice)
Swish a baking soda rinse after vomiting
Eat a healthy, balanced diet with low sugar
Schedule Periodontal Care During Pregnancy
Central Texas Periodontics is your local solution for pregnancy gingivitis, periodontal disease treatment, and good oral care during pregnancy. Book your appointment today.
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